The law provides criminal penalties for corruption by officials, and the government generally implemented the law effectively. As a result, female legislators held 26 of the 57 seats in the National Assembly. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from: a. Coercion in Population Control: There were no reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization. The law requires authorities to process the claims within three months of receipt, but decisions took an average of 14 months and an additional 12 months for the appeals process. There were isolated reports of anti-Semitic comments on social media, in particular posts that questioned Israel’s right to exist and posts featuring anti-Semitic stereotypes of the Jewish people, stating they controlled the economy, were accumulating excess wealth, and were practicing a new form of Nazism against Palestinians. The Ministry of Labor generally enforced minimum wages effectively in the San Jose area but less effectively in rural areas, particularly where large numbers of migrants were employed, and in the large informal sector, which comprised 44 percent of employment as of August. The law prohibits children younger than age 18 from engaging in hazardous or unhealthy activities and specifies a list of hazardous occupations. During the first six months of the year, the Labor Ministry reported 25 minors working in dangerous activities–17 in agriculture and eight working more than six hours a day. International Child Abductions: The country is a party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. The government generally enforced child labor laws effectively in the formal sector but not in the informal sector. The ministry publicly recognized that many workers, including in the formal sector, received less than the minimum wage. The constitution provides for freedom of expression, including for the press, and the government generally respected this right. The government maintains a dedicated authority to enforce occupational safety and health (OSH) standards. The ministry continued to implement a gender-equality perspective into labor inspections to identify areas of vulnerability. The law permits foreign workers to join unions but prohibits them from holding positions of authority within the unions, except for foreign workers who are married to citizens of the country and have legally resided in the country for at least five years. The Economist Group © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. On May 17, President Alvarado appointed a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) commissioner in charge of coordinating efforts between civil society and the presidency to promote LGBTI issues. A number of domestic and international human rights groups generally operated without government restriction, investigating and publishing their findings on human rights cases. The new expedited labor courts forced private-sector employers to reinstate workers who had been dismissed for joining unions. Reasons include the high level of social services, the caring nature of its inhabitants, long life expectancy and relatively low corruption. The law prohibits discrimination against women and obligates the government to promote political, economic, social, and cultural equality. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights, Section 6. The law prohibits and criminalizes all forms of forced or compulsory labor. According to the Ministry of Labor, inspections occurred both in response to complaints and at the initiative of inspectors. See the Department of State’s Trafficking in Persons Report at www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/. On August 1, Vice President and Foreign Affairs Minister Campbell Barr appointed a presidential commissioner for Afro-Descendant Affairs. A special committee of the National Assembly studies and reports on problems relating to the violation of human rights, and it also reviews bills relating to human rights and international humanitarian law. Financial Disclosure: Public officials are subject to financial disclosure laws that require senior officials to submit sworn declarations of income, assets, and liabilities. The government was committed to local integration of refugees both legally and socially and to facilitating their naturalization process. The project is funded by the Open Society Institute (OSI) and APC and coordinated by Derechos Digitales. The constitution provides for freedom of expression, including for the press, and the government generally respected this right. 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Costa Rica, An official website of the United States government, https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/findings. The law prohibits night work and overtime for minors. As with other labor laws, inspectors cannot fine or sanction employers who do not comply with laws on acceptable conditions of work; rather, they investigate and refer noncompliance results to labor courts. Birth Registration: Citizenship is obtained from birth within the country’s territory or can be derived if either parent is Costa Rican. The law requires employers to initiate the bargaining process with a trade union if more than one-third of the total workforce, including union and nonunion members, requests collective bargaining, but the law also permits direct bargaining agreements with nonunionized workers. Restrictions on the minimum number of employees (12) needed to form a union may have hampered freedom of association in small enterprises. Trials that involve victims or witnesses who are minors are closed during the portion of the trial in which the minor is called to testify. The law protects reserve land as the collective, nontransferable property in 24 indigenous territories; however, 38 percent of that land was in nonindigenous hands. Penalties were not sufficient to deter violations, in light of the lengthy process to resolve cases. In other cases the delays were a result of court backlogs. The constitution provides for an independent judiciary, and the government generally respected judicial independence and impartiality. Although the law mandates access to buildings for persons with disabilities, the government did not enforce this provision, and many buildings remained inaccessible to persons with disabilities. 20/145 COSTA RICA REQUEST FOR PURCHASE UNDER THE RAPID ... Costa Rica has been hit hard by the Covid-19 pandemic, owing to its highly open economy that has large exposures to trade, tourism, foreign direct investment, and global supply chains . The government did not effectively enforce the law. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism, Office of the U.S. Special Coordinator for Tibetan Issues, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Office of Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Service, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs. On May 8, the government adopted amendments to Articles 172 and 189 (bis) of the criminal code to align the law’s definition of trafficking more closely with international law by removing the requirement of movement. The law establishes criminal penalties for trafficking in persons crimes, including forced or compulsory labor with sentences of between six and 10 years in prison. The law requires issuance of judicial warrants before making arrests, except where probable cause is evident to the arresting officer. While the law does establish sanctions (fines and fees) for infractions, only the judiciary has the authority to apply such sanctions. The government leased additional office space and opened a call center to process appointments and disseminate information better. 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