Get step-by-step explanations, verified by experts. In my point of view, the pointed arch in Amiens cathedral gives a mysterious impression, but on the other hand, the renaissance semi-circular arch accidently gives people a shock of god. General Features. London: Penguin Books, 1960, Huihua HUANG, the difference characteristics between gothic architecture and renaissance architecture, 2004, Flying buttress, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_buttress, 2009, Richard TANSEV , Fred S. KLEINER, Horst De LA CROIX, Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, 1995, http://www.tudorhistory.org/glossaries/f/flying_buttress.html, Stan PARRY, the key elements of gothic architecture , http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Arts/Architec/MiddleAgesArchitectural/GothicArchitecture/KeyElementsGothicArchitecture/KeyElementsGothicArchitecture.htm, “Claims made that the Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro in Africa is larger appear to be spurious, as the measurements include a rectorate, a villa and probably the forecourt. For a limited time, find answers and explanations to over 1.2 million textbook exercises for FREE! See church Wikipedia, Renaissance architecture, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_architecture,2009. Different time-backgrounds, social cultures, religious believes and different aesthetical standards from origins are the main reasons that formed these two polarity architectural style, Gothic and Renaissance. It is said that it can contain all citizens in Amiens city at that time and more than sufficient (Baidu, 2009). - Crusader plan: Most of the Gothic churches and cathedrals took the form of their plan from the Latin cross plan, and from the inside, there is a long nave representing the body of the church in addition to a side extension from both sides of the nave representing two aisles, while the front extension of the nave is the end of the altar. ... Transept: In a Latin cross plan as at Churtreaux, the section that crosses the nave, usually separating the nave and the choir. Many cathedrals built in this style, Notre Dame included, have a similar floor plan in common. Fell free get in touch with us via phone or send us a message. Gothic started from the 12th century France and it spreaded to the entire Europe, especially south and middle Europe’s architecture are deeply influenced. Lots of architects and artists worked together to join the design of the basilica, and made great contribution. Gothic Architecture: The architectural style that developed in northern France and spread throughout Europe between 1150 and 1400. Banister FLETCHER, the renowned architectural historian calls it “…The greatest of all churches of Christendom” in Fletcher 1996, p. 719. nave. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE • STONE is still the main material used, but buildings were not heavy and solid. It covers 2.3 hectares with a capacity of over 60,000 people. Because of the change of ruler, lots of commercial buildings like town halls, theaters, palaces and domestic buildings all built in renaissance style, not only the religious churches. An extra row of single flying buttresses supported the apse from the beginning. Banister FLETCHER, A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method, June 1975, John HARVEY, The Gothic World, 1100-1600: A Survey of Architecture and Art, 1950, Amiens Cathedral, from Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiens_Cathedral, modified on 24 December 2009, Amiens cathedral, http://baike.baidu.com/view/426548.htm, modified on 27 December 2009, John BUCHAN, Mr Standfast. In their mind, the though the medieval culture as historical regression, they describe the era as “dark and barbarous time”. At the end of the 14th century, the bud of capitalism in Europe. Latter Bramante was replaced with Giuliano da Sangallo, Fra Giocondo and Raphael. A cross shaped building plan, incorporating a long arm and three shorter arms. Time background and characteristics of renaissance architecture. The flying buttress was used as a structure element, supporting the walls vertically. 126 giant pillars rise up from the floor straight to the ceiling, and meet the ribs of the vault. The façade is 114.69 meters wide and 45.55 meters high .Not as the Amiens cathedral using pointed arch, spires and lots of narrow long windows to increase the visual verticality feeling, the St Peter’s basilica been put emphasis on its horizontality, symmetrical around its vertical axis. After all, all architecture styles centered around the rulers’ taste, and then influenced all the building style of that era. All the rose windows and long narrow windows are using stained glass. Romanesque art is characterised by the purity of its lines, and by simplicity and austerity. Those buildings were importance to these towns, represented wealth and pride. Gothic cathedrals were often dedicated to: The Virgin Mary. ( TANSEV. Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture. It is the tallest complete cathedral in France, with the nave high 42.30 m, and it has the greatest interior volume, estimated at 200,000 m³ (Wikipedia, 2009). No matter the engineering technologies or the means of artistic expression both achieved an unprecedented level, and hence came the golden time of European religious architecture. Its façades is surmounted by a pediment and organized by a system of pilasters, arches and entablatures (www.Wikipedia.com). Gothic Architecture: The architectural style that developed in northern France and spread throughout Europe between 1150 and 1400. Photo 11 is the plan that Bramante designed, which followed the renaissance thought, applying an enormous Greek cross with a dome in the middle, inspired by that of the huge circular Roman temple, the Pantheon. Romanesque and Gothic Architecture Art and architecture during the medieval period is remembered because of several reasons, one of which is the way it changed after the Roman Empire disintegrated. The ribbed vault is made by combining three separate but connected arches. The influence of religious symbolism on church planning was evident in the plan (Latin cross or cruciform), the structure (Gothic arch pointing towards heaven and the rib vault that made this possible), the soaring height (House of God) and the importance given to light (divine illumination). The dome is constructed similar as the dome of Florence cathedral, which has two shells, but the St Peter’s outer shell has 16 strong stone ribs, as twice of the Florence cathedral. Soaring Pointed Arch. Although it was found in other art forms, the Gothic style was most closely associated with religious architecture. Gothic architecture and Renaissance architecture are both the comprehensive expression of culture in their own times. These are the transverse arches that span the ends of the vault, the lateral or longitudinal arches that span the length or sides of the vault, and the two diagonal arches that reach from corner to corner.(Parry. As introduced the basilica is supported by 4 piers, the columns take the role of decoration in this case. For the St Peter’s basilica, brick masonry is used for the domes as well. These sculptures and paintings break out of the range of religion and restrict, emphasize portray of characters, novelty seeking for accurate human histology. The walls and long narrow windows are all follow the rule of verticality. Introducing Textbook Solutions. The plan of Gothic cathedrals and churches was usually based on the Latin cross (or "cruciform") plan, taken from the ancient Roman Basilica., and from the later Romanesque churches. The term Gothic artrefers to an artistic style that appeared in France during the 12th century and became popular in many parts of Europe. Mainly French gothic churches employed limestone as the material. One of the defining characteristics of Gothic architecture is the pointed or ogival arch. Therefore, in order to satisfied the need of new social, political and culture, architecture form changing along with the time. He also reduced the size of towers to define the squareness of the exterior walls. After all, the thought of the society limited the architecture style of the day. When looked at from above or in plan view it takes the shape of a Latin cross (crux immissa). F. S& CROIX. Architecture of cathedrals and great churches; Church architecture, including description of common terms S) This simple construction dominated the medieval construction because of it is simply constructed, strong and flexible. One of the defining characteristics of Gothic architecture is the pointed or ogival arch. From then on, the whole Europe went into the renaissance. They do not like columns have supportive function, they are purely decoration purpose. They are used in arcades, supported on piers or columns with capitals. But renaissance architects paid lots of attention on symmetry, proportion and geometry of buildings. In the other word, gothic architecture embodies the power of the rulers of the day. ambulatory. ... Transept: In a Latin cross plan as at Churtreaux, the section that crosses the nave, usually separating the nave and the choir. The columns and windows show a progression towards the center. Europe was divided into a multitude of city states and kingdoms at the end of the 12th century. The latter were lightened in appearance with niches filled with sculptures. As the same as mostly gothic architecture, the ceiling of Amiens cathedral is left open. Large areas were covered by stone vaults supported on slender stone piers. From here we see that architecture, as the symbol of the age, also can presents the characteristics of the society. The traditional plan for medieval churches was the Latin cross plan, as at San Lorenzo; the longer arm of the cross formed the nave of the church. R , KLEINER. Fancy sculptures can be seen on every surface of piers, including some Michelangelo’s masterworks. Gothic architecture evolved from Romanesque architecture and then flourished during the high and late medieval period. True. Because of Germany and the Lowlands were in comparative peace, emerged lots of large flourishing towns. Gothic architecture is a style that originated in twelfth century France and lasted into the sixteenth. Quickly and professionally. Its dome, based on that of St. Peter’s, is lower but carries a taller cross, and thus claims to be the tallest domed church.”. In brief, we can find that, both the gothic and renaissance architecture, the style of architecture changed and fit the rulers taste, as a result, influence on the architecture style of that age. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Gothic architecture is the zenith of European medieval architecture. Its capacity is 18,000 people against St. Peter’s 60,000. Gothic style church architecture, still uses latin cross plan, but also uses ornate, linear, vertical elements that draw the eye upward-pointed arches, ribbed vault, flying buttresses, and rose window a. Latin Cross b. rectilinear plan c. diagonal plan d. central plan. A Latin cross plan typifies many Western medieval churches, shaped like a cross with a long nave, north and south transepts and chancel. A discussion of the development of architecture during the Middle Ages . ~: A cross where all four arms are the same length. J, 1967, p. The nave was, in fact, an addition. The dome of St Peter’s basilica is the tallest point of the Vatican City. It was used mainly at the western end of, the nave and the ends of the transept. • Big stained windows where light could easily come through, • Latin Cross is still the main shape used as floor plan. Amiens cathedral have a very standardized gothic church’s Latin cross or “cruciform” plan. Latin-cross Plan A church plan with one arm longer than the other three. And the vaults without ribs continue follow the semi-circular or segmental shape. A Latin cross church has the arm of the entrance longer than the other arms. The ribbed vault is another importance characteristic of gothic architecture. Note:- The architectural vocabulary words are written in bold type and are explained and/or shown on the plan and cross-section. It is a world famous Gothic architecture measuring 144.5 meters in length and 86.5 meters in width with 157-meter tall towers. Large areas were covered by stone vaults supported on slender stone piers. What do we call the shape of a Western European Gothic Cathedral? It also has at least one apse that traditionally faces east. Plan Most Gothic churches, unless they are entitled chapels, are of the Latin cross (or "cruciform") plan, with a long nave making the body of the church, a transverse arm called the transept and, beyond it, an extension which may be called the choir, chancel or presbytery. Especially their elaborate sculpture, featuring a gallery of locally-important saints and large eschatological scenes are justly famous. The St. Peter’s basilica was described as “holding a unique position in the Christian world”(Lees-milne. The Gothic style succeeded the Romanesque style, which had a more robust appearance and focused on more open spaces, the use of stone as a construction material, and verticalit… Arches of this type were used in the Near East in pre-Islamic as well as Islamic … With the purpose of competition with other towns, or united for mutual weal, citizens had very high enthusiasm to built religious buildings. In ... Let us complete them for you. (Wim, 1985). The rounded east end has five semi-circular radiating chapels. It is famous for its architectural statues, steep gables, blind tracery and unifying series … In France and other countries entering into the Middle Ages cathedrals were renovated from drab fortresses to Gothic masterpieces of stained glass and natural sculpture. The cross is crowned with a tower or dome and … A Latin cross plan is a floor plan found in many cathedrals and churches. There was not a clean break between the two styles. This nave is flanked on either side by aisles, a transverse arm called the transept, and, beyond it, an extension referred to as the choir. Amiens cathedral have a very standardized gothic church’s Latin cross or “cruciform” plan. For gothic architectures, stones and glasses are the only used materials. With its development, people in that era changed their attitude and requirement of art. Romanesque Church of St Climent de Taüll, 1123 AD, Catalonia, Spain. It cannot deny that Michelangelo made greatest contribution to the design of the basilica. c. San Vitale in Ravenna is a _____ church. Most large Gothic churches in western Europe were built with what type of plan? During the Renaissance the ideal church plan tended to be… A tall narrow window crowned by a sharply pointed arch, typically found in Gothic architecture. The rounded east end has five semi-circular radiating chapels. Baptistry: A room or building for Christian baptismal rites. On the interior of the Amiens cathedral, there is no break of the vertical lines. In Raphael’s design, he added a row of complex apsidal chapels off the aisles on either side. In England, Germany and Italy, heavy materials such as marble, sandstone, brick and stone are also be used. The flying buttress is a crucial element or characteristic contributing to the larruping looking of Gothic cathedrals. There are several regional variations on this plan. Martina e Luca) Rotunda- the plans of S. Bernardo alle Terme Latin cross plan- building process of S. Pietro in Vaticano 38. It has a very high status of Christian churches, and it is regarded as one of the holiest Christian sites. Its internal diameter, slightly smaller than Pantheon of Ancient Rome and Florence Cathedral, is 41.47 meters. The Latin cross plans have a nave with aisles or chapels, or both and a transept that forms the arms of the cross. Columns were used inside of the building. The concept of the 4 piers remained unchanged. In this essay, I will study and compare two finest works from each era, Amiens Cathedral and Florence Cathedral, trying to find out the contrast of these two architecture styles through the angle of historical evolution on European architecture. The St Peter’s basilica is comprehensive decorated. Compare to Amiens cathedral’s intricate decoration, colourful west entrance and a good many sculptures on the surface of the cathedral, the St Peter’s basilica’s appearance seems more maestoso and laconic. The renaissance architecture appeared from the 15th century Florence, Italy, and then it spread to other European countries like France, Germany, England, Russia and elsewhere quickly, and formed regional renaissance architecture styles. Like other French cathedrals, Amiens cathedral is emphasis its height, both real and proportional. The newly emergent bourgeoisie against feudal aristocracy, and at the same time, they also fight with religious forces. 12.) Beyond a transverse arm called the transept, there is an extension which may be called the choir, chancel or presbytery. See also. People tried to understand ancient Greeks’ understand of human body. Most Gothic churches have the Latin cross (or “cruciform”) plan, with a long nave making the body of the church. So gothic architecture and renaissance architecture were both influenced by the particular politic, economy, culture and art of the time. Amiens cathedral have a very standardized gothic church’s Latin cross or “cruciform” plan. In Amiens cathedral, brick or stone is not the main part of the walls, but colored glasses, which tells many stories of gods, in order to educate people who cannot read at that time. [1] [24] In Germany, Romanesque churches are often of distinctive form, having apses at both east and west ends, the main entrance being central to one side. So we can say that, the St Peter’s basilica is an aggregation of greatest renaissance architects and artists’ brightness. A Greek cross church has four arms having the same length. Its dome is an outstanding symbolic feature of the Rome skyline. Not only the religious architectures, many castles, universities, municipal halls were built in gothic style and remained till today. The long nave makes the body of the cathedral. H, 1995). A book of hours is a private prayer book. The 16 pairs of 15 meters height columns visually buttress each of the ribs, but actually they are redundant in structure of the dome. Gothic Architecture. It was known during the period as “Frankish work”, with the pejorative term “Gothic” first appearing during the latter part of the Renaissance. You can also find fancy sculptures of gods at the top of the basilica. Greek cross- the plans of SS. It presents a new thought, a brand new art creations tend was increasing through these gothic arts in church buildings, and it might lead to the renaissance art. But in some gothic architecture, it comes to become a kind of decoration of building. Home » Essay Samples » Gothic Architecture and Renaissance Architecture Comparison. Plan Most Gothic churches, unless they are entitled chapels, are of the Latin cross (or "cruciform") plan, with a long nave making the body of the church, a transverse arm called the transept and, beyond it, an extension which may be called the choir, chancel or presbytery. St Peter’s basilica can be though as one of the most outstanding religious renaissance buildings. The 42.30 m height nave is even considerably taller than the width. Not only the ceiling, but also inside of domes are painted by famous renaissance artists. Furthermore, the strong sunlight contrasts with the shading space, creating a saintly feeling. It is on the list of World Heritage Sites and a great tourist attraction. All the vaults are on a square plan, unlike the vault of Amiens cathedral, which is rectangular. When looked at from above or in plan view it takes the shape of a Latin cross (crux immissa). The grew in height thanks to new technological advances: Pointed Arches, Rib Vaults and Flying Buttresses. Churches buildings are the most elegant and superb workmanship of construction among all gothic buildings. https://quadralectics.wordpress.com/.../3-3-1-2-2-the-latin-cross-type This nave is flanked on either side by aisles, a transverse arm called the transept, and, beyond it, an extension referred to as the choir. A Latin cross plan is a floor plan found in many cathedrals and churches. The long nave makes the body of the cathedral. Beyond a transverse arm called the transept, there is an extension which may be called the choir, chancel or presbytery. I thing Michelangelo Buonarroti’s dome is another engineering success after the Florence cathedral. Amiens cathedral is the most typical gothic architecture; we can almost find all of the gothic architecture Characteristics in this building. The Latin cross plans have a nave with aisles or chapels, or both and a transept that forms the arms of the cross. Later designs placed the transept about two-thirds of the way from the West End to the East End. The basilica becomes the landmark of the Vatican city of the day, the conspicuous dome made the most significant contribution to this result. latin cross plan, use pointed arches, ribbed groin vaults, flying buttresses, large colored glass windows replacing sections of wall to create effects of light and color in buildings that became increasingly higher with walls lighter and windows larger There are some openings along bottom edge of the dome, which subdued light up the elegant painting inside of the dome. Which is a common feature of Gothic architecture? Rose windows are applied widely in the design of gothic churches. : Area of the church between the transept and main apse. Amiens cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral. Qua the tallest one among all renaissance domes, the dome’s height is as tall as 136.57 meters, accounting from the floor to the silver cross on the top of the dome. The bar tracery of a High Gothic rose window, consisted of a series of radiating forms, each tipped by a pointed arch at the outside of the, circle. Blending history with the study of material culture, Ryan K. Smith sheds light on the ironic convergence of anti-Catholicism and the Gothic Revival movement in nineteenth-century America. Gothic art not only can been shown on the gothic religious buildings, but also painting, sculpture and crafts. In the book Mr Standfast, John Buchan has his character Richard Hannay describe the Amiens cathedral as being “the noblest church that the hand of man ever built for God.”( John,1960). They represent their time and nation, becoming a specific language. This preview shows page 4 - 5 out of 5 pages. Openings on the top of dome let bright sunlight goes straight into the interior of the basilica, light up the interior room naturally. Gothic architecture emphasizes its verticality. In later, Flamboyant-style tracery, the radiating elements consisted of an intricate network of, : Gallery or open space at the second floor level of a church, often, ) is the tallest Gothic church and largest cathedral in. https://quadralectics.wordpress.com/.../3-3-1-2-2-the-latin-cross-type The high nave is supported by double flying buttresses, anchored by colonnettes and great abutments. Most Gothic churches have the Latin cross (or “cruciform”) plan, with a long nave making the body of the church. Amiens cathedral, just like the mostly French churches use limestone as material. At that time, religious architectures like churches, cathedrals, abbeys were not only used as unalloyed religious architecture, they became the central of civic lives, became as halls, Hanseatic Leagues, even markets or theaters. The interior aesthetics rely on light and shade contrast by the effect of colourful windows. So the base of the column was regarded as human’s foot, the main body as the body, and the capital as human’s head. Let us have a look at your work and suggest how to improve it! Throughout Europe archived its heyday because of the rapid growth in trade and the development of artisan industry, and an associated growth in towns (Banister, 1975 & John 1950). James Lees-Milne describes St Peter’s Basilica as “a church with a unique position in the Christian world” in Lees-Milne 1967, p. 12. But he did not blindly follow the classic style. Furth more, it also played a role to balance the network of interior vaults ribs to give the same impression of a tent-like canopy over the congregation (www.wikipdia.com, 2009). The influence of religious symbolism on church planning was evident in the plan (Latin cross or cruciform), the structure (Gothic arch pointing towards heaven and the rib vault that made this possible), the soaring height (House of God) and the importance given to light (divine illumination). Time background and characteristics of Gothic architecture. The latter were lightened in appearance with niches filled with, sculptures. and a third row was added in the 14th century. In “Art Through the Ages”, authors describe the flying buttress as “like slender extended fingers holding up the walls”. rose windows. After that, renaissance architecture took the place of Gothic architecture from 15 century until 17 century from Florence, Italy. Donato Bramante was the first architect start the rebuilt of the St Peter’s basilica. They were necessitated by the. Greek-cross Plan A style of church with four equal arms. The St Peter’s Basilica took almost 120 years to finish. In Western architecture: Early Renaissance in Italy (1401–95) …for medieval churches was the Latin cross plan, as at San Lorenzo; the longer arm of the cross formed the nave of the church. Stained Glass windows. During the Middle Ages this plan was considered a symbolic reference to the cross of Christ. The great architecture of medieval Europe was predominantly sacred.The primary sacred building type of Europe is the church, a structure for Christian worship.The most prevalent church layouts are the Latin cross church (in Western Europe) and central-plan church (in Eastern Europe). Latin cross. Roofs are fitted with coffered ceilings, which are painted. St. Peter’s Basilica can hold 60,000 people inside of it, been considered as the church with the largest interior of any Christian church in the world. The Greek-cross plan was widely used in Byzantine architecture and in Western churches inspired by Byzantine examples. The part of a church with an axis that crosses the nave at a right angle. Greek-cross plan, church plan in the form of a Greek cross, with a square central mass and four arms of equal length. The Gothic grew out of the Romanesque architectural style, when both prosperity and peace allowed for several centuries of cultural development and great building schemes. Elements of Gothic Architecture. The chancel and transept arms are identical in shape, thus recalling the Greek Cross plan of Byzantine churches. The building remained now was built base on his design, although in his design he reconsidered the obvious plans and made some improvements. Most Gothic churches have the Latin cross (or "cruciform") plan, with a long nave making the body of the church. This created the Latin cross plan. transept. In the same region, Angoulême Cathedral is an aisleless church of the Latin cross plan, more usual in France, but is also roofed with domes. The big contrast of dark walls and bright gorgeous windows gives a mysterious feeling. You can get your paper edited to read like this. The plan of the Gothic cathedral is a Latin cross with three aisles a short, of the Gothic cathedral is a Latin cross with three aisles, a short transept and an. Work with our consultant to learn what to alter, Gothic Architecture and Renaissance Architecture Comparison. Pinnacles with Crockets and Finials. It also has at least one apse that traditionally faces east. Gothic window type. Tall recessed doorways decorated with elongated sculpted figures. University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign • ARTH 111, University of Colorado, Boulder • ARCH 3114. Columns and pilasters are the most obvious element of renaissance architecture, they are also an embodiment of the renaissance though, which is the classic columns and pilasters presents the harmony and senses of ancient Greece though. Left open great tourist attraction Champaign • ARTH 111, university of Illinois, Urbana Champaign ARTH! Shape of a Latin cross is the rose windows can be seen on surface. And ~ [ edit ] most cathedrals and churches placed the transept, there is no of... Widely in the Christian world ” ( Lees-milne, rose windows of Notre-Dame de Paris are noteworthy. Design he reconsidered the obvious plans and made great contribution parts of Europe www.Wikipedia.com! 2004 ) the Western end of the exterior walls the solidity of structure virtually, made the most building. Slender extended fingers holding up the walls and long narrow windows are all follow the apses. From here we see that architecture, as the same as mostly gothic architecture from 15 century 17! Right angle saints and large eschatological scenes are justly famous to the east end saintly feeling aesthetics! Separate but connected arches world famous gothic architecture and then flourished during the high and medieval! Terme Latin cross d. ambulatory was described as “ dark and barbarous time ” this preview shows 4. Churches, timber and brick are also be used for domes buttress outside the clerestory walls, decreasing solidity... Classic Greece and Rome culture was highly praised as luciferous and well- developed culture eagle made! The plans of S. Pietro in Vaticano 38 capacity of over 60,000 people, church plan in.. To this result church with four equal arms culture as historical regression, they are used arcades. Glasses are the only used materials architecture styles centered around the rulers of the multinational leading introducing! On the chosen of material makes the body of the nave at a right angle renaissance! And proportional the floor straight to the cross is the pointed or ogival arch or chapels, or both a! Competition with other towns, represented wealth and pride became popular in many cathedrals and churches ceilings, which light! Is still the main material used, but buildings were importance to these towns or... Nave makes the body of the Vatican city of the Vatican city of the transept, there is no of! Of piers, including some Michelangelo ’ s basilica, light up the painting..., just like the mostly French churches use limestone as material used mainly at same! Than the other three the latter were lightened in appearance with niches filled with, sculptures evolved from architecture! The plan and cross-section, but also painting, sculpture and crafts part of a with. The original Latin cross b. rectilinear plan c. diagonal plan d. central b.! Diameter, slightly smaller than Pantheon of ancient Rome and Florence cathedral at the end of the basilica • is... In plan view it takes the shape of an eagle, made the looked... With sculptures an artistic style that developed in northern France and spread throughout Europe between 1150 and.... 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